If you’ve ever found yourself wondering whether to say STI or STD, maybe while chatting with friends over a scoop at Perkits Yogurt, you’re not alone. These two acronyms are often used interchangeably, and while they refer to related health conditions, there are some important distinctions to understand. With millions of new cases diagnosed each year in the U.S., knowing the difference between STIs and STDs is an important step in taking control of your health.
In this blog, we’ll explore what these terms mean, how they differ, and why it matters. We’ll also explain how AFC Cleveland can support you with confidential, walk-in testing and compassionate care.
STI vs. STD: What Do They Mean?
Let’s start with the basics. STI stands for sexually transmitted infection, while STD stands for sexually transmitted disease. Both refer to conditions transmitted primarily through sexual contact, this includes vaginal, anal, or oral sex, as well as intimate skin-to-skin contact in some cases.
STIs and STDs can be caused by bacteria (like chlamydia or gonorrhea), viruses (like HIV or HPV), or parasites (like trichomoniasis or pubic lice). Common examples include:
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- Herpes
- Human papillomavirus (HPV)
- HIV/AIDS
- Syphilis
- Trichomoniasis
What’s the Difference?
The primary difference between the terms lies in how medical professionals describe the condition. “Infection” refers to the presence of a virus, bacteria, or parasite in the body, whether or not it causes symptoms. “Disease” typically implies that the infection has progressed to the point where it is causing clear signs or health complications.
In simpler terms:
- All STDs begin as STIs, but not all STIs turn into diseases.
- Someone may have an STI without knowing it, because they may not show any symptoms.
For example, HPV and chlamydia are often asymptomatic, especially in the early stages. People can carry and transmit these infections without ever realizing they’re infected. This is why routine testing is so important.
Why “STI” Is the Preferred Term Today
While “STD” is still widely used in casual conversation and media, many healthcare professionals now prefer the term “STI”. Here’s why:
- Accuracy: Not all infections progress into diseases. “STI” more accurately describes the full spectrum of sexually transmitted conditions, including those without symptoms.
- Reduced Stigma: The word “disease” often carries a heavier emotional weight. “Infection” is seen as more neutral, which may encourage more people to seek testing and treatment without fear or shame.
In fact, public health campaigns have increasingly adopted the term STI to promote greater awareness and reduce barriers to care.
Why It Matters
Regardless of what you call them, STIs can lead to serious health complications if left untreated. Untreated infections can cause:
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Infertility
- Pregnancy complications
- Increased risk of HIV transmission
- Long-term damage to organs such as the liver or heart (in the case of syphilis)
Early detection through routine testing is the best way to protect your health and your partner’s health. Since many STIs do not show symptoms right away, you may not know you have an infection without a test.
How AFC Cleveland Can Help
At our clinic offer confidential, judgment-free STI testing and treatment, no appointment necessary. Our experienced medical team is here to answer your questions, provide accurate testing, and guide you through your next steps, whether that involves treatment or just peace of mind.
We make it easy:
- Walk-in appointments available 7 days a week
- Fast, reliable lab testing
- Confidential and compassionate care
- Treatment options available on-site for many common STIs
Whether you’re experiencing symptoms or just want to stay on top of your health, we’re here to help.
Take Charge of Your Sexual Health
Understanding the difference between STIs and STDs is more than just a matter of language, it’s about being informed and proactive about your health. The terminology may be evolving, but the importance of regular testing and open conversations remains the same.
If you’re sexually active, especially with new or multiple partners, routine STI testing is one of the smartest things you can do for your long-term health. We are here to make that process as simple and stress-free as possible.
Stop by AFC Cleveland today, no appointment necessary.
